Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride 48 (part 1)

Χαλδαῖοι δὲ τῶν πλανήτων οὓς θεοὺς γενεθλίους καλοῦσι, δύο μὲν ἀγαθουργούς δύο δὲ κακοποιούς, μέσους δὲ τοὺς τρεῖς ἀποφαίνουσι καὶ κοινούς. τὰ δʼ Ἑλλήνων πᾶσί που δῆλα, τὴν μὲν ἀγαθὴν Διὸς Ὀλυμπίου μερίδα, τὴν δʼ ἀποτρόπαιον ᾍδου ποιουμένων. ἐκ δʼ Ἀφροδίτης καὶ Ἄρεος Ἁρμονίαν γεγονέναι μυθολογοῦνται· ὧν ὁ μὲν ἀπηνὴς καὶ φιλόνεικος, ἡ δὲ μειλίχιος καὶ γενέθλιος. σκόπει δὲ τοὺς φιλοσόφους τούτοις συμφερομένους. Ἡράκλειτος μὲν γὰρ ἄντικρυς πόλεμον ὀνομάζει πατέρα καὶ βασιλέα καὶ κύριον πάντων, καὶ τὸν μὲν Ὅμηρον εὐχόμενον ἔκ τε θεῶν ἔριν ἔκ τʼ ἀνθρώπων ἀπολέσθαι λανθάνειν φησὶ τῇ πάντων γενέσει καταρώμενον, ἐκ μάχης καὶ ἀντιπαθείας τὴν γένεσιν ἐχόντων, ἥλιον δὲ μὴ ὑπερβήσεσθαι τοὺς προσήκοντας ὅρους· εἰ δὲ μή, Λύττας μιν Δίκης ἐπικούρους ἐξευρήσειν Ἐμπεδοκλῆς δὲ τὴν μὲν ἀγαθουργὸν ἀρχὴν φιλότητα καὶ φιλίαν πολλάκις δʼ ἁρμονίαν καλεῖ θεμερῶπιν, τὴν δὲ χείρονα νεῖκος οὐλόμενον καὶ δῆριν αἱματόεσσαν οἱ μὲν Πυθαγορικοὶ διὰ πλειόνων ὀνομάτων κατηγοροῦσι τοῦ μὲν ἀγαθοῦ τὸ ἓν τὸ πεπερασμένον τὸ μένον τὸ εὐθὺ τὸ περισσὸν τὸ τετράγωνον τὸ ἴσον τὸ δεξιὸν τὸ λαμπρόν· τοῦ δὲ κακοῦ τὴν δυάδα τὸ ἄπειρον τὸ φερόμενον τὸ καμπύλον τὸ ἄρτιον τὸ ἑτερόμηκες τὸ ἄνισον τὸ ἀριστερὸν τὸ σκοτεινόν, ὡς τοιαύτας ἀρχὰς γενέσεως ὑποκειμένας. Ἀναξαγόρας δὲ νοῦν καὶ ἄπειρον. Ἀριστοτέλης δὲ τὸ μὲν εἶδος τὸ δὲ στέρησιν.

The Chaldeans declare that of the planets, which they call tutelary gods, two are beneficent, two maleficent, and the other three are median and partake of both qualities. The beliefs of the Greeks are well known to all; they make the good part to belong to Olympian Zeus and the abominated part to Hades, and they rehearse a legend that Concord is sprung from Aphroditê and Ares, the one of whom is harsh and contentious, and the other mild and tutelary. Observe also that the philosophers are in agreement with these; for Heracleitus without reservation styles War the Father and King and Lord of All, and he says that when Homer prays that Strife may vanish away from the ranks of the gods and of mortals, he fails to note that he is invoking a curse on the origin of all things, since all things originate from strife and antagonism; also Heracleitus says that the Sun will not transgress his appropriate bounds, otherwise the stern-eyed maidens, ministers of Justice, will find him out. Empedocles calls the beneficent principle friendship or friendliness, and oftentimes he calls Concord sedate of countenance; the worse principle he calls accursed quarrelling and blood-stained strife. The adherents of Pythagoras include a variety of terms under these categories: under the good they set Unity, the Determinate, the Permanent, the Straight, the Odd, the Square, the Equal, the Righthanded, the Bright; under the bad they set Duality, the Indeterminate, the Moving, the Curved, the Even, the Oblong, the Unequal, the Left-handed, the Dark, on the supposition that these are the underlying …